Feeding Your Husky

Nutrition is a topic that has garnered a significant amount of attention in the canine community. There are various opinions regarding commercial dog foods versus homemade, raw versus cooked, and people food versus dog-only food. Additionally, there are differing views on the inclusion of bones, chicken wings, and supplements in a dog's diet. However, it is important to note that dogs are natural scavengers and can thrive on a diverse range of foods. A high-quality commercial dog food can often meet the nutritional requirements of your Husky. It is recommended to stay informed about the available options and consult with your veterinarian to make informed decisions.

Knowing Your Husky’s Nutritional Needs

Canine nutrition is a topic of great controversy, particularly when it comes to whether or not dogs should consume a variety of different foods. Some nutritionists advocate for a single, complete food, arguing that switching around could be upsetting to the digestive tract. They liken dogs to tuned cars, stating that once you find the right brand of gas with the right octane, there's no need to change. Additionally, some believe that switching dog foods can make a dog finicky.

Others, however, argue that dogs are natural scavengers and thrive on variety. They contend that because researchers do not yet know everything about canine dietary requirements, changing a dog's diet occasionally is actually safer, as it increases the likelihood that the dog is getting what it needs. These proponents of the "variety is the spice of life" school believe that dogs are much closer to humans than they are to cars.

Personally, I agree with the latter argument. My seven dogs consume a variety of different foods, including dry food, canned food, and people food, and I have never had a dog with cancer, bloat, hip dysplasia, or hypothyroidism. While this could be a coincidence, I believe that dogs benefit from and enjoy a diverse range of foods, both for their physical and spiritual well-being.

Technical stuff

The development of dietary requirements for dogs dates back to the 1940s when the National Research Council of the National Academy of Science first established them. Over time, the responsibility for setting canine dietary requirements has been transferred to the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).

The nutritional requirements for canines are similar to those of humans, and include protein, fat, minerals, water, and carbohydrates. In the subsequent sections, each of these components will be discussed in detail.

Protein

Proteins are a crucial component of a mammal's diet as they contain essential amino acids required for growth and maintenance. In the case of dogs, there are 22 amino acids involved in their metabolism, with ten of them needing to be supplied through their diet. The remaining amino acids can be synthesized in their liver.

It's important to note that dogs require a higher amount of protein compared to humans, and it's recommended that the protein source comes from meat. Plant-based protein is not considered high-quality enough to meet a dog's nutritional needs. In particular, Siberian dogs may face digestive issues such as colic and diarrhea if given plant-derived protein.

Therefore, meat protein is the preferred choice, and a dog's diet should consist of approximately 75 percent meat and the remainder from vegetables (not grains).

Technical stuff

There was once a theory among researchers that excessive protein intake could lead to kidney problems. However, this theory was based solely on studies conducted with rats, whose dietary requirements differ from those of dogs. To date, there is no evidence linking a high-protein diet to kidney damage in dogs. It is generally recommended that active dogs consume a diet containing 30% meat-based protein. Another unfounded claim is that a high-protein diet can cause hyperactivity in dogs, but there is no scientific evidence to support this claim. In my opinion, most dogs that exhibit hyperactive behavior simply need more exercise, rather than a lower-quality diet.

Fat

Fat has been subject to negative connotations in recent years; however, it remains an essential component of the diet for both hard-working individuals and dogs. Fat serves as a valuable source of energy that can be utilized later. Additionally, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which are oils, play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy coat and may offer other health benefits. Occasionally, omega-9 fatty acid may appear on a label, but this is generally an attempt to capitalize on the term omega. Omega-9 (or oleic) acid is the primary component of olive oil and is typically referred to as monounsaturated fat. Overconsumption of fat, particularly in large quantities (as often occurs during holiday seasons when dogs are fed fatty leftovers), can lead to digestive issues. While some researchers previously believed that these fats caused pancreatitis, this perspective is beginning to shift. However, if your dog is suffering from pancreatitis, a low-fat diet may be recommended. It is advisable to follow your veterinarian's guidance in such cases.

Technical stuff

According to scientific research, wolves, which share many genetic similarities with dogs, have a dietary requirement that consists of 50% protein and 50% fat, with carbohydrates playing a minor role. While domestic dogs may appear to have a greater affinity for fats and carbohydrates, studies suggest that this preference is a consequence of their upbringing rather than their nutritional necessities.

Commercial dry dog foods typically contain 5-10% fat, which meets the needs of sedentary dogs. However, working Siberians require a minimum of twice that amount.

WHAT ABOUT FIBER?

There is currently a debate among canine nutrition researchers regarding the necessity of fiber in a dog's diet and the appropriate amount. However, many veterinarians recommend incorporating fiber into the diet of diabetic dogs, particularly those who are overweight, as it can help regulate blood sugar by slowing glucose absorption in the intestine. It's important to note that while fiber can be beneficial, it may also decrease the absorption of certain critical minerals.

Unfortunately, dog food labels do not always provide an accurate representation of fiber content. While the guaranteed analysis may list crude fiber, this refers to what remains after the food manufacturing process. As a result, the dietary fiber contained in the product can be significantly higher.

If your dog is not experiencing any health problems, you need not be concerned about fiber content in their food. However, if they exhibit symptoms of diabetes, diarrhea, constipation, or other health issues, it's best to consult with your veterinarian. Additionally, as your dog ages, their dietary needs may change, and they may require more fiber. In such cases, a small amount of bran should suffice.

Siberian racing dogs are known for their exceptional work ethic and require a high-fat diet to sustain their energy levels. To meet this dietary need, mushers commonly supplement their dogs' meals with beef fat and incorporate raw meat into their feeding regimen.

Minerals

Just like humans, dogs need the following minerals in their diets:

» Calcium

» Copper

» Iodine

» Iron

» Magnesium

» Manganese

» Phosphorus

» Potassium

» Salt

» Selenium

» Zinc

There are five trace minerals, namely iron, selenium, zinc, copper, and manganese, that are essential for dogs' health. Although dogs require only small amounts of these minerals, their absence can lead to various health issues. Among these minerals, zinc is particularly crucial for Huskies due to the genetic condition that affects their ability to absorb it effectively. It is imperative to seek your veterinarian's advice before administering any supplement to your dog. Zinc deficiency can cause fertility problems, bone and joint issues, and slow wound healing. Foods such as meat and spinach are rich sources of zinc..

Water

Dogs, like humans, require water to facilitate the transportation of nutrients in and out of cells, aid in the digestion and absorption of food, lubricate joints, and regulate body temperature. It is crucial to ensure that your Siberian has access to an ample supply of fresh, uncontaminated water to maintain optimal health. It is recommended that dogs consume one ounce of water per pound of body weight daily.

THE “GRAIN-FREE” SCARE

Since 2018, the FDA has conducted an investigation into over 500 reports of canine-dilated cardiomyopathy that may be associated with dog foods marketed as grain free. However, the root cause of the issue remains unknown to experts. While it is evident that dogs do not require grain in their diet, there appears to be another underlying factor at play. It is worth noting that Siberians have not been affected thus far. A similar issue has arisen with foods that emphasize exotic meats like ostrich, alligator, and venison. Given the uncertainty surrounding the matter, it is advisable to purchase from reputable companies with established track records such as Iams, which has not reported any problems. Alternatively, cooking for your dog at home is another viable option.

Remember

This analysis of the water needs for dogs encompasses the water ingested through their food. It is important to ensure a constant supply of clean water is accessible to your pet. It is noteworthy that healthy dogs typically regulate their water intake. However, if your Siberian consumes an excessive amount of water, it may indicate a medical condition such as diabetes. In such cases, it is advisable to seek the guidance of a veterinarian.

Carbohydrates

It is important to note that carbohydrates are not a necessary component in a Siberian Husky's diet. Research suggests that their carbohydrate requirement is 0%. Although commercial dog foods typically contain around 40% carbohydrates, they are not essential for a dog's diet and are included primarily as a cheap source of energy. It is worth noting that pregnant bitches may require carbohydrates, although the evidence is not conclusive. When selecting commercial dog food, it is advisable to choose brands that contain rice rather than corn, wheat, or soy, as it is easier for dogs to digest.

Reading the Labels

Many dog owners opt for commercial dog food, but may not understand how to properly read the label. It is important to note that federal regulations for pet food manufacturers are minimal, requiring only accurate product identification, net quantity, address, and ingredient listing. The order of ingredients is not mandated. To ensure some level of security, pet owners can look for the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) label. AAFCO provides model regulations for pet foods that wish to carry their label. For dog food, the label must include minimum levels of protein and fat, and maximum levels of moisture and fiber. AAFCO-labeled foods also provide a guaranteed analysis of the food, calorie statements, and a nutritional adequacy statement. Ingredients are listed in order of weight, including inherent water content. However, the AAFCO label does not guarantee the quality of the product or its suitability for a specific dog. It simply means that the food is properly labeled. Critics argue that AAFCO's testing may not be stringent enough, and that their members are primarily affiliated with pet food companies. Nevertheless, the highly competitive dog food market is improving the quality of commercial foods. As a dog owner, it is important to educate yourself on how to properly read and understand dog food labels.

Tip

Check out the following list for keywords that pop up on dog food packaging. Here you’ll find out what those terms really mean:

» Beef, chicken, fish, or lamb: According to AAFCO regulations, products labeled with the names beef, chicken, fish, or lamb must contain at least 95 percent of the respective meat, excluding the water required for processing. Even considering the added water, the food must still consist of at least 70 percent of the named meat. It is important to note that these regulations apply only to canned foods, as dry foods cannot meet the 95 percent requirement.

» Dinner: When a product name includes the term "dinner," "platter," or "entree," it is required that each highlighted ingredient make up between 25 and 94 percent of the total product. For instance, a product named "Diane's Chicken Dinner for Dogs" must contain a minimum of 25 percent chicken.

» With: When utilizing the term "with," it is required that the specified ingredient makes up a minimum of 3 percent of the overall product. For example, "Diane's Chicken Dinner for Dogs with Liver" must contain at least 3 percent liver and a minimum of 25 percent chicken. Similarly, "Diane's Chicken Dinner for Dogs with Liver and Sirloin" must contain at least 3 percent liver, 3 percent sirloin, and a minimum of 25 percent chicken.

» Flavor: If the label indicates "beef flavor" instead of "beef," it is only required to have a detectable amount of beef. As a consumer, it may be difficult to determine the exact amount of beef present in the product based on taste alone. However, the use of the term "flavor" must be displayed in the same font size as the named ingredient, preventing any confusion or misinterpretation of the product's contents. This ensures that consumers are not misled into purchasing a product that they believe contains a minimum of 25 percent beef when, in reality, it contains significantly less and only has the taste of beef.

» Premium, Lite, Gourmet, Natural, Organic, Performance, and so on: It is important to note that the current labeling regulations do not necessarily guarantee the quality of the product. Even the AAFCO has yet to establish specific guidelines for products using certain terms. It is recommended to thoroughly examine the content label and make comparisons before making a purchase.

Technical stuff

On product labels, you may come across the terms "crude fat" or "crude protein". It is important to note that these terms simply refer to the method of testing used to analyze the product, and do not indicate any lower quality of the protein or fat contained within. Additionally, it is common to observe lower levels of crude protein in canned foods compared to dry foods, due to the higher water content in canned products.

Taking a Look at the Main Types of Dog Food

When it comes to selecting the appropriate dog food, there are a wide range of options available including dry food, canned food, semi-moist, people food, or a combination of these, which will be discussed in the following sections. It is important to note that there is no one-size-fits-all solution when it comes to feeding your dog. Several factors must be taken into account, such as convenience, cost, nutritional value, taste, availability, and allergies. What may be suitable for one dog may not be appropriate for another.

Tip

It is imperative to consider not feeding your Husky with food that he dislikes. Mealtimes should be an enjoyable experience for both you and your pet. It is advisable to explore various options until you find a nutritious meal that your dog genuinely relishes. In case your dog seems to lose interest in his current food, it is recommended to switch to a different one. This simple step can significantly enhance your dog's overall happiness, making it a worthwhile investment.

Dry food

Dry dog food, also known as kibble, was first introduced during World War II as a practical solution for feeding military dogs. Today, it remains a convenient and nutritionally balanced option for dog owners. In addition to its nutritional benefits, dry food has also been shown to reduce tartar buildup on dogs' back teeth, although it is important to note that regular teeth brushing is still the most effective method for maintaining good dental health.

Tip

It is important to prioritize the nutritional value of dry food over its appearance. While fancy colors and shapes may be visually appealing, it is important to note that these colors are often the result of vegetable dye rather than essential nutrients. Therefore, it is recommended to focus on the ingredients and nutritional content when selecting dry food for optimal pet health.

Dry food is a cost-effective option when compared to other food choices due to its high grain content, which is more affordable than meat. However, it is important to note that dry food may not be suitable for Siberian Working Dogs as it tends to be low in fat, which can pose a risk to their health.

Warning

It is recommended that dry food be stored for no longer than two weeks as it may experience a decrease in vitamin content over time.

Canned food

When considering dog food options, it is important to note that canned food tends to be more expensive than dry food and typically contains a high percentage of water, up to a maximum of 78% in AAFCO-labeled products. However, products labeled as gravy, sauce, or stew may contain even higher water content. It is worth noting that canned foods are often high in fat but can be a useful addition to dry food due to their palatability. Some canned dog foods contain grain products, which can be a controversial ingredient. Dogs do require a vegetable element in their diet, so if a pure meat dinner is fed, it is recommended to supplement with dog biscuits or fresh vegetables. Additionally, fresh meat may be deficient in calcium, so it is important to ensure a balanced diet for your dog.

Semi-moist food

Semi-moist food typically contains approximately 25 percent water and may also contain high levels of sugar, such as corn syrup, beet pulp, sucrose, and caramel. Unfortunately, this type of food can contribute to health issues such as obesity and tooth decay, making it one of the less desirable options available. It is recommended to avoid purchasing this type of food.

People food

It is advisable to diversify your canine's diet with carefully selected human food. Dogs appreciate variety just as much as humans. Often, the same foods that are beneficial to humans are also beneficial to dogs, such as fresh vegetables, fruits, lean meats, and yogurt. However, it is important to avoid sweets, chocolate, high-fat dairy products, and processed meats, as they are not suitable for dogs.

Tip

It is not advisable to provide dogs with a significant amount of dairy products as they may not be able to digest them effectively after weaning. Nonetheless, yogurt is an exception. Incorporating a teaspoon of plain yogurt in a dog's diet can be beneficial, particularly if they require additional calcium. It is important to note that while dogs may enjoy milk, it often causes diarrhea in adult dogs.

Tip

When providing your dog with human food, it is advisable to serve it at room temperature rather than straight from the refrigerator or oven. Consuming very cold food quickly may cause your dog to vomit. Conversely, some foods are more appealing to dogs when slightly warmed. It is worth noting that even the Chukchis served their dogs at room temperature, albeit in rather chilly rooms.

Warning

Never feed your dog the following foods because doing so may kill them:

» Raw eggs: Raw eggs contain avidin, a protein that has the potential to destroy the B vitamin biotin. While this may not pose a significant issue for dogs as they tend to obtain sufficient biotin from alternative sources, it is crucial to note the risk of salmonella infection. Salmonella is a bacterial infection that can result in vomiting and diarrhea, which can be detrimental to your Siberian's health. To mitigate this risk, it is recommended to cook any eggs provided to your dog. The nutritional value remains unchanged, and this simple precaution can safeguard your pet's well-being.

» Onions, leeks, chives, and garlic: Members of the Allium plant family contain N-propyl disulfide, a compound that can damage hemoglobin, the substance responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells. Consumption of these foods can result in temporary but severe hemolytic anemia. Even a quarter cup can cause significant illness. It is important to note that whether the food is fresh, cooked or frozen, it can still pose a risk. Therefore, it is recommended to keep these foods away from dogs.

» Chocolate: Chocolate contains methylxanthines, a group of chemicals that include caffeine and theobromine. While these substances can be easily metabolized by humans, dogs are unable to do so. It is important to note that the darker the chocolate, the greater the danger it poses to your dog. Consumption of chocolate can have adverse effects on your Husky's muscles and heart, resulting in symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, diarrhea, lethargy, or excitement, which may persist for several days. In such cases, it is recommended to seek immediate veterinary assistance.

» Grapes and raisins: It is widely recognized that grapes and raisins can lead to acute kidney failure in dogs, resulting in a lack of urine production (anuria). The exact reason for this is not yet known. However, it has been observed that only certain dogs are susceptible to this condition. For those dogs, the consumption of grapes, even in small quantities such as seven, can be fatal.

» Macadamia nuts: Macadamia nuts contain a canine toxin whose specific properties are not yet fully understood, but which can cause a range of symptoms including vomiting, weakness (particularly in the hind legs), joint pain and inflammation. In rare cases, temporary paralysis may occur.

» Sugar-free gum and candy: It is not uncommon for dogs to accidentally ingest gum, even though no responsible pet owner would intentionally feed it to them. It is important to note that sugar-free gum and candy often contain xylitol, a substance that can lead to a significant decrease in blood sugar levels and potentially cause severe liver damage.

» Yeast dough: The presence of yeast in dough can lead to the production of excess gas in the digestive system of pets, causing significant discomfort, gastric torsion, and even stomach rupture. Additionally, it is not recommended for human consumption.

Considering Supplements

It is recommended to provide your Husky with a high-quality commercial dog food that is complete, although there is ongoing debate about whether any commercial dog food truly meets all nutritional requirements. It is important to note that some experts are uncertain about the nutritional requirements for dogs. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor your Husky's coat, energy level, weight, and general health while feeding them a high-quality dog food. You may need to adjust the ingredients as necessary.

Vitamin A and beta-carotene have been shown to enhance immune functions and may help prevent certain types of cancer. However, it is essential to avoid over-supplementing as large amounts of vitamin A can be toxic. A few carrots a day can provide the necessary amount of vitamin A and beta-carotene.

While dogs can produce their own vitamin C, a vitamin C supplement may lower the risk of cancer and help manage the care of a dog diagnosed with cancer. Additionally, vitamin C may also reduce the side effects of some anticancer drugs. Many holistic veterinarians suggest the use of vitamin C supplements for these reasons.

Warning

It is not recommended to administer calcium supplements to Siberian puppies as it may lead to hip dysplasia, osteochondritis dissecans, and enlarged joints. Additionally, calcium supplements can bind zinc, which can result in zinc deficiency and poor coat quality. Given that Siberians are prone to zinc deficiency, incorporating zinc-rich foods such as wheat germ into their diet can be beneficial.

Figuring Out How Much to Feed Your Dog

The caloric requirements for dogs can vary significantly based on their level of physical activity. According to research conducted at the Ralston Purina Pet Care Center, a sedentary 50-pound dog necessitates 1,450 calories per day during the summer months. However, during moderate work or training, the same dog requires 1,800 calories, and during heavy work, this requirement increases to 2,160 calories. It is recommended to utilize a calculator to determine the precise caloric needs of your dog. Additionally, during the winter, it is advisable to increase caloric intake by 7.5 percent for every 10-degree decrease in temperature. It is important to note that alternative sources may suggest lower caloric requirements.

Remember

The calorie requirements provided are applicable to dogs in general and do not specifically cater to Siberians. It is worth noting that Siberians require fewer calories compared to other breeds of similar size due to their harsh living conditions in the tundra. However, it is important to acknowledge that calorie requirements may vary significantly between breeds and even among individual dogs within the same breed. Therefore, accurately predicting the exact number of calories a particular dog will need is not feasible. These estimates should serve as a general reference point, and pet owners should monitor their dog's weight and adjust their diet accordingly.

Tip

To conduct a brief assessment of your canine's physical state, observe him from a superior vantage point. A Working Dog that is in optimal condition will exhibit an hourglass silhouette. In the event that your dog appears rectangular when viewed from above, he may be carrying excess weight. Additionally, when viewed from the side, your dog's abdomen should be tucked neatly. It should be effortless to discern the outline of his ribs.

Huskies that are kept as pets may carry additional weight compared to their working counterparts. It is important to determine the appropriate weight for your Husky. To do so, apply firm pressure with your thumbs along your Husky's ribcage. If you can feel each rib distinctly, your dog is likely at a healthy weight.

Remember

If your Siberian spends extended periods outdoors during the winter season, it may require a higher caloric intake compared to the summer months. Additionally, it is recommended to provide increased nourishment on days when your pet is engaged in physical activity.

Looking at Performance, Maintenance, and Low-Calorie Foods

High-quality dog foods are often categorized as either performance or maintenance levels. It should be noted that these labels are not regulated by law or the AAFCO model regulations. It is important to carefully review the label to determine the calorie and nutrient content of the food. The necessary level largely depends on the amount of exercise your dog receives. For example, a dog that only goes for short walks does not require performance-level dog food. Pregnant or nursing dogs, however, require higher levels of nutrients.

Tip

Performance foods frequently have elevated levels of protein. It is important to note that excess protein is not stored in the body but rather metabolized and eliminated through urine.

According to recent studies, 80 percent of household pets are overweight, making it a top nutrition-related health problem in dogs, as rated by the American Animal Hospital Association. It is important to note that one in seven dog owners have reported injuries while attempting to lift their overweight pets. It is recommended to avoid crash diets and instead consider purchasing commercial dog food in reduced-calorie varieties or adjusting your dog's food and fat intake while increasing exercise. This approach can greatly benefit your pet's health and well-being.

Feeding your puppy

It is important to note that although Siberians typically reach maturity around 18 months of age, it is not recommended to keep them on puppy food for that duration. Some Siberians may experience negative reactions to the dairy products often found in puppy food, which can lead to loose stools and make housetraining more difficult. Additionally, research has shown a correlation between higher levels of calcium in puppy food and hip dysplasia. Therefore, it is advised to gradually transition your dog to an adult food at around 6 months of age.

Tip

If one determines that a significant modification in their Husky's diet is necessary, it is recommended to do so gradually. A sudden alteration can lead to digestive discomfort. It is advised to substitute a portion of the old diet with a portion of the new, gradually increasing the quantity of new food over approximately a week. It may take anywhere from 6 weeks to 3 months to observe an enhancement in coat or other conditions one may be attempting to rectify.

Feeding your senior dog

As dogs age, proper nutrition becomes increasingly important for their overall health and well-being. Research indicates that senior dogs require approximately 80 percent of the calories that 1-year-old dogs do, and they need about 50 percent more protein than young adult dogs. It is important to note that lower protein intake does not necessarily prevent certain kidney problems common in older dogs. In fact, between 20 and 30 percent of all calories consumed by older dogs should come from protein, as lower protein intake can slow wound healing and decrease immune function. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that your older dog receives proper nutrition to maintain their health and vitality.

Tip

It is recommended to consider increasing the intake of B-complex vitamins, vitamin E, and ester-C (a form of vitamin C) for older dogs. Additionally, supplementing with extra zinc, selenium, the omegas, and coenzyme Q10 may also be beneficial. It is important to consult with a veterinarian before administering any supplements to your dog.

Warning

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that pet owners refrain from feeding their dogs pig ears due to concerns over drug-resistant salmonella. It is important to note that salmonella can affect both dogs and humans. If you currently have pig ears in your possession, it is recommended that you dispose of them immediately and thoroughly wash your hands afterward.